Measuring Up: A Guide to Chicago-Style Numbers
So, you're knee-deep in a research paper or a novel, and suddenly, you're confronted with a number. Do you boldly go with numerals, or do you play it safe with words? Fear not, intrepid writer! This guide will help you navigate the treacherous waters of Chicago-style measurements.
Numbers: The Great Debate
Chicago style, much like a strict but fair parent, has rules about numbers. And boy, are there rules. Essentially, if a number is under 100, you can usually get away with spelling it out. Think "twenty-three" instead of "23". But hold your horses! There are exceptions to every rule, and Chicago style is no exception. If you're dealing with specific measurements (like 5 inches or 3 liters), numerals are the way to go.
When to Break Out the Numerals
Let's get specific. Here are some scenarios where numerals are your best friend:
- Measurements: As mentioned, specific measurements like height, weight, distance, and time always use numerals. So, it's "5 feet tall," not "five feet tall."
- Decimals and Percentages: Numbers with decimals or percentages are always numerals. For example, "3.14" or "25%".
- Large Numbers: If you're dealing with numbers over 100, it's generally okay to switch to numerals. Think "250 people" instead of "two hundred and fifty people."
Consistency is Key
Remember, the most important thing is consistency. Once you've chosen a style for numbers in your paper, stick with it. Don't switch back and forth between numerals and words willy-nilly. It'll make your readers dizzy.
A Word on Style Guides
While we’ve covered the basics, the Chicago Manual of Style is your ultimate authority on all things style-related. If you’re still unsure about a particular number situation, consult the manual. It’s like having a style guru on speed dial.
How to... Questions
How to know when to use numerals or words? Generally, use words for numbers under 100 and numerals for numbers 100 and above. However, always use numerals for specific measurements, decimals, and percentages.
How to handle numbers at the beginning of a sentence? Avoid starting a sentence with a numeral. If possible, rephrase the sentence. If not, spell out the number.
How to format numbers with multiple digits? Use commas to separate thousands, millions, and billions. For example, 1,234,567.
How to write fractions? Hyphenate fractions when they're used as adjectives (e.g., a two-thirds majority). Use numerals for fractions in technical writing.
How to handle ranges of numbers? Use an en dash between the two numbers (e.g., pages 10–20).
Remember, while these guidelines provide a solid foundation, every writing project has its own unique challenges. Use your best judgment, and don't be afraid to experiment. Happy writing!
Do you have any other burning questions about Chicago style? Let me know!