Authorless Anarchy: Navigating the Chicago Style Chaos
So, you're knee-deep in research, ready to cite your sources, and BAM! No author. It's like finding a parking spot in downtown Chicago - impossible, right? Wrong! While it might feel like a literary dead end, fear not, intrepid researcher! We're about to embark on a journey through the murky waters of authorless citations, Chicago style.
Don't Panic!
First things first, take a deep breath. It's not the end of the world. In fact, it's a common occurrence in the academic realm. Think of it as a puzzle, and we're about to give you the pieces to solve it.
The Title Takes the Wheel
When there’s no author to be found, the title of the work becomes your new best friend. In Chicago style, you start the citation with the title, capitalized and italicized. It's like giving the spotlight to the unsung hero of the piece. For instance:
- The Complete Works of Shakespeare. New York: Random House, 1992.
Organizational Authorship
Sometimes, the work is produced by an organization rather than an individual. In this case, the organization takes the place of the author. It's like finding out your favorite band is actually a collective of talented musicians. For example:
- World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
Anonymous? No Problem!
If the work is truly anonymous, you can use the word "Anonymous" as the author. It's like a mysterious guest at a party - intriguing, but you wish they'd reveal their identity. Here's an example:
- Anonymous. The Federalist Papers. New York: Modern Library, 2001.
What About Websites and Other Digital Sources?
Ah, the digital age! A world of information, but often with elusive authors. For websites, start with the title of the page, followed by the website name, date accessed, and URL. It's like following a breadcrumb trail to find the source. Example:
"Climate Change." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, accessed April 3, 2024,
The Fine Print: A Few FAQs
How to cite a website article with no author?
- Start with the article title, followed by the website name, date accessed, and URL.
How to cite a government report with no author?
- Begin with the report title, followed by the government agency, publication date, and city of publication.
How to cite a social media post with no author?
- While not ideal, you can try to include the username or handle of the poster, followed by the platform, date, and a link to the post.
How to handle multiple works with the same title?
- Add a subtitle or other distinguishing information to differentiate between the works.
How to cite a work with an unknown publication date?
- Use "n.d." (no date) in place of the publication date.
Remember, while these guidelines provide a general framework, specific style guides might have additional rules. So, always consult the Chicago Manual of Style for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Happy citing!
Disclaimer: This post is intended for entertainment and informational purposes only. Please consult a professional for authoritative guidance on citation styles.