Tax season can be a whirlwind, and sometimes, despite our best efforts, we realize we've made a mistake on our tax return after we've already hit "send" or dropped it in the mail. Don't worry, you're not alone! Many taxpayers find themselves in this situation, and the good news is that the IRS allows you to correct these errors by filing an amended return, typically using Form 1040-X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.
But then comes the burning question: how long does the IRS have to process an amended return? It's a common query, often accompanied by a healthy dose of anxiety, especially if a refund is on the line. Let's dive deep into understanding the timeline, factors that influence it, and how you can track your amended return's progress.
Step 1: First things first, have you actually filed an amended return?
Before we even talk about processing times, let's confirm you've taken the necessary steps to amend your return. If you're just realizing you made a mistake on your original return and haven't yet filed Form 1040-X, then the clock hasn't even started ticking on an amended return's processing time. This guide is for those who have already submitted their Form 1040-X. If you haven't, you'll need to prepare and file it first!
Step 2: Understanding the Standard IRS Processing Timeline for Amended Returns
The IRS generally advises taxpayers to allow a significant amount of time for amended returns to be processed. Unlike original returns, which can often be processed within 21 days for e-filed returns, amended returns often involve a more hands-on, manual review process.
- The General Window: You should generally allow 8 to 12 weeks for your Form 1040-X to be processed.
- The Extended Window: However, in some cases, processing could take up to 16 weeks.
- Beyond 16 Weeks: There are instances where it might take even longer, sometimes up to 20 weeks or more, especially if there are complications (which we'll discuss in Step 3).
Important Note: The IRS updates its processing timeframes periodically, so it's always a good idea to check the most current information directly on their website.
Step 3: Factors That Can Influence Processing Time
While the IRS provides general guidelines, several factors can significantly impact how long it takes for your amended return to be processed. Understanding these can help manage your expectations.
Sub-heading: The Filing Method: Paper vs. Electronic
Historically, amended returns (Form 1040-X) could only be filed by paper. This inherently added to the processing time due to mail delivery and manual data entry.
- Paper-Filed 1040-X: If you mailed your amended return, it will generally take longer to process compared to an electronically filed original return. The mailing time itself adds to the overall waiting period.
- Electronically Filed 1040-X: Beginning in processing year 2023, the IRS started allowing electronic filing of Form 1040-X for tax year 2021 and later. While e-filing eliminates mailing time, it might only speed up the processing by a week or two compared to paper, as the IRS still often conducts manual reviews for amended returns. Direct deposit for refunds on e-filed amended returns for tax year 2021 and later is also available, which can speed up receiving your refund once processed.
Sub-heading: Errors and Incompleteness
Even a seemingly minor error on your amended return can lead to significant delays.
- Errors on Your Return: If your amended return has mathematical errors, missing information, or is otherwise incomplete, the IRS will need to address these issues, which can prolong processing.
- Unsigned Returns: A very common oversight is forgetting to sign your paper-filed Form 1040-X. An unsigned return will not be processed until it's signed.
- Returned for More Information: The IRS may send you a letter requesting additional information or clarification. Promptly responding to these requests with accurate information is crucial to avoid further delays.
Sub-heading: Special Situations and Reviews
Certain circumstances can trigger a more in-depth review, extending the processing time.
- Form 8379, Injured Spouse Allocation: If your amended return includes this form, it often requires additional review and can cause delays.
- Identity Theft or Fraud: If your return is flagged for suspected identity theft or fraud, the IRS will conduct a thorough investigation, which can significantly delay processing.
- Routing to a Specialized Area: Some amended returns may need to be routed to specialized IRS units, such as the bankruptcy area, for review and approval.
- Review and Approval by a Revenue Officer: In certain complex cases, a revenue officer may need to review and approve the amended return.
- Appeal or Reconsideration: If your amended return relates to an appeal or a requested reconsideration of a prior IRS decision, the processing time will be longer.
- Claiming Specific Credits (e.g., EITC, Child Tax Credit): Returns involving certain refundable credits might undergo additional scrutiny, which can contribute to delays.
Sub-heading: IRS Workload and Backlogs
The IRS's overall workload and any existing backlogs can also play a role.
- High Processing Volumes: During peak tax season or periods of high volume, all types of returns, including amended ones, may experience longer processing times.
- Prioritize Original Returns: Generally, the IRS prioritizes the processing of original returns, especially those with refunds due. Amended returns, by their nature, often fall into a secondary processing queue.
Step 4: How to Check the Status of Your Amended Return
Waiting for an amended return to be processed can be frustrating, but fortunately, the IRS provides a tool to help you track its status.
Sub-heading: Where's My Amended Return? Tool
The primary way to check the status of your Form 1040-X is through the IRS's "Where's My Amended Return?" online tool.
- When to Check: You can typically check the status of your amended return approximately three weeks after you submit it. It takes this long for your return to show up in the IRS system.
- What You Need: To use the tool, you'll need:
- Your Social Security number (or Taxpayer Identification Number)
- Your date of birth
- Your ZIP Code
- Status Stages: The tool will generally show your amended return's status in one of three stages:
- Received: The IRS has received your amended return.
- Adjusted: The IRS has made adjustments to your account based on your amended return.
- Completed: The IRS has finished processing your amended return, and any refund or balance due has been issued or updated.
- Availability: The "Where's My Amended Return?" tool is usually available 24 hours a day, except for brief maintenance windows (e.g., Mondays from 12-3 a.m. ET, and occasional Sundays from 1-7 a.m. ET).
- Years Covered: The tool provides status updates for the current tax year and up to three prior years.
- Limitations: This tool cannot provide the status for:
- Business returns
- Returns with a foreign address
- Carryback applications and claims
- Injured spouse claims (if Form 8379 was filed separately or needs special handling)
- Form 1040 marked as an amended or corrected return (instead of 1040-X)
- Returns processed by special units such as Examination or Bankruptcy.
Sub-heading: Calling the IRS (When Necessary)
The IRS generally advises against calling them about your amended return unless the "Where's My Amended Return?" tool directs you to do so. However, if it's been significantly longer than the stated processing times (e.g., beyond 16-20 weeks) and the online tool hasn't updated or provides confusing information, you may call the IRS Amended Return automated telephone line at 866-464-2050. Be prepared for potentially long wait times.
Step 5: What to Do While You Wait
Waiting can be challenging, but there are a few things you can do.
- Don't Re-file: Unless the IRS explicitly instructs you to do so, do not file another amended return. Filing multiple amended returns can complicate the process and lead to further delays.
- Respond to IRS Notices Promptly: If you receive any correspondence from the IRS regarding your amended return, read it carefully and respond as quickly and accurately as possible. This is often the key to resolving delays.
- Keep Good Records: Maintain copies of everything you submitted, including your original return, your Form 1040-X, any supporting documentation, and proof of mailing (if applicable). This will be invaluable if you need to follow up with the IRS.
- Consider Financial Hardship (Limited Cases): In rare cases of severe financial hardship (e.g., inability to pay for essential living expenses like housing or medical care), the IRS may consider expediting a refund. You would need to contact the IRS directly at 800-829-1040 and explain your situation, providing documentation of the hardship. This is generally a long shot for amended returns and applies more often to original refund delays.
Step 6: What Happens After Processing is Complete?
Once your amended return is processed, one of a few things will happen:
- Refund Issued: If your amended return results in a refund, it will be issued via direct deposit (if eligible and requested for e-filed returns) or by paper check.
- Balance Due: If your amended return results in additional tax owed, the IRS will send you a bill or adjust your account, and you will be expected to pay the balance.
- No Change: In some cases, the IRS may determine that no adjustments are needed based on your amended return.
- IRS Changes: The IRS may make changes to your amended return if they find errors or discrepancies. You will receive a notice explaining any changes they made.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are 10 common questions related to IRS amended return processing, with quick answers:
How to check the status of my amended tax return?
You can check the status online using the IRS "Where's My Amended Return?" tool on IRS.gov, or by calling the automated telephone line at 866-464-2050.
How to know if my amended return has been received by the IRS?
The "Where's My Amended Return?" tool will typically update to "Received" approximately three weeks after you submit your Form 1040-X.
How to speed up the processing of an amended return?
Generally, you cannot speed up the processing of an amended return. However, responding promptly to any IRS notices requesting more information is crucial, and e-filing (if eligible) might save a week or two of mailing time. In severe financial hardship cases, you can contact the IRS to inquire about expediting, but it's rarely applicable for amended returns.
How to get a refund from an amended return faster?
Once processed, if you e-filed your amended return for tax year 2021 or later, you can opt for direct deposit, which is the fastest way to receive your refund. Otherwise, a paper check will be mailed.
How to correct an error on an already filed amended return?
If you realize you made a mistake on an already filed amended return, you would typically need to file another Form 1040-X, indicating that it's a "second amended return" for that tax year. However, it's advisable to wait until the first amended return is fully processed before filing another to avoid confusion.
How to get direct deposit for an amended return refund?
For electronically filed Form 1040-X for tax year 2021 and later, you can request direct deposit. For paper-filed amended returns, you will receive a paper check.
How to know if my amended return requires further review?
The "Where's My Amended Return?" tool might not explicitly state "under review," but if processing takes significantly longer than the 8-16 week timeframe, it's a strong indication that it's undergoing additional scrutiny. The IRS may also send you a letter requesting more information.
How to contact the IRS about a delayed amended return?
If your amended return has been pending for significantly longer than 16-20 weeks, and the "Where's My Amended Return?" tool hasn't updated or provides unhelpful information, you can call the IRS Amended Return automated telephone line at 866-464-2050.
How to find out why my amended return refund is different than expected?
If your refund amount from an amended return is different from what you anticipated, the IRS may have made corrections. They should send you a notice explaining the changes.
How to avoid delays when filing an amended return?
To avoid delays, ensure your Form 1040-X is complete, accurate, signed (if paper-filed), and includes all necessary supporting documentation. Double-check all entries before submission. If possible, consider e-filing if your tax year is eligible.
